By Jason Bittel
Slate
You’re traveling more than 1,000 miles across the barren snowscape of Antarctica. Along the way, many crevasses lie hidden between you and your quest to resupply the hungry scientists at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. The good news is you can detect these deathtraps with a radar arm. The bad news is it only gives you approximately four seconds of warning before you and your tracked vehicle, which weighs several tons, plummet to a dark and silent tomb. If only there were a robot that could map crevasses ahead of such expeditions. Preferably one with an adorable yet mildly ferocious name.
Meet the Yeti. This four-wheel-drive rover drags a ground-penetrating radar arm capable of logging information that tells scientists what lies — or more importantly, doesn’t lie — below. At just 180 pounds, the bot crosses snow-covered crevasses like it ain’t no thing. (Since people don’t wander around on foot down there, the real danger is the heavy tracked vehicles breaking through the snow bridges.) It functions at temperatures around minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit. In short, Yeti is an awesome little minion redrawing the boundaries of hazard georeferencing.
Most of us don’t have to think about such things, but doing science on the bottom of the world is a tricky endeavor. In addition to dangerous weather conditions and 30-foot-wide trapdoors in the ice, the logistics of assembling personnel, equipment and supplies at the South Pole is nothing short of extraordinary.
“The focus of this effort was to support the actual operations and logistics side of the Polar Program,” James Lever, mechanical engineer and specialist in over-snow mobility for the U.S. Army’s Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, told me. Lever and his co-principal investigator professor Laura Ray published their findings this month in the Journal of Field Robotics. “Whether you have researchers in Antarctica or Greenland, you have to keep people safe and comfortable. You’re a long way from everything else and so it’s expensive to do science there.”
The little Yeti — and its predecessor, the solar-powered Cool Robot — have found support from the operations and science arms of the National Science Foundation as well as NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory — after all, rover work on Earth’s poles isn’t so different from rover work on Mars or other celestial bodies. And the lessons we learn from tweaking Yeti may one day help us in space.
For instance, one of the paper’s coauthors from the Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College is developing an algorithm to detect characteristic moments just before Yeti gets stuck. If the algorithm can prevent the bot from getting into jams in the first place, it saves Lever and his colleagues an annoying trip out into the white. For NASA on the other hand, an immobilized rover is a really expensive bummer. For as Lever put it, “They don’t get theirs back.”
Up until now, Yeti’s mission has been logistical: improve safety and efficiency of supply runs by identifying crevasses. (Known crevasses are either routed around or blasted into and filled up with snow, making them passable.) Additionally, Yeti performed what Lever called a “deployment of opportunity,” assisting researchers mapping ice caves on the slopes of Mount Erebus, the world’s southernmost active volcano. This fall, however, Yeti will shift into a scientific role as Lever and his team attempt to study the way the crevasse fields change over time and other glaciological interests.
A hundred years ago, when Amundsen and Scott raced toward the South Pole, the existence of abominable snowmen was still very much in question. Today, a polar explorer would do well to run into the Yeti in the hoary white. In a pinch, the little bot can tow a sled loaded with three full-grown scientists.
Science/Technology
Slate: Robot finds deadly Antarctic crevasses so we don’t have to
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